SGU Episode 1016
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| SGU Episode 1016 |
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| December 28th 2024 |
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"Celebrating curiosity and skepticism in 2024—join us on this exciting journey!" |
| Skeptical Rogues |
| S: Steven Novella |
B: Bob Novella |
C: Cara Santa Maria |
J: Jay Novella |
E: Evan Bernstein |
| Quote of the Week |
“For last year’s words belong to last year’s language and next year’s words await another voice. And to make an end is to make a beginning.” |
― T.S. Eliot |
| Links |
| Download Podcast |
| Show Notes |
| SGU Forum |
Intro[edit]
Voice-over: You're listening to the Skeptics Guide to the Universe, your escape to reality.
S: Hello, and welcome to the Skeptic Guide to the Universe. Today is Wednesday, December 18th, 2024, and this is your host, Steven Novella. Joining me this week are Bob Novella. Hey everybody, Cara Santa Maria.
US#07: Howdy.
S: Jay Novella. Hey, guys. Evan Bernstein. Good evening everyone. And Ian Callanan, Ian, welcome back on the show, man.
US#07: Oh hey, sorry, I didn't hear you. I'm flying my drones back and forth between New Jersey and Connecticut. Are you?
S: I mean you, anyone with half a brain, Anyone with half a brain knows it's you.
US#07: Yeah, I knew it.
E: Certainly this audience. They love it.
US#07: The people love it in New Jersey, I see.
S: There's a bunch of fun stuff happening right at like the last end of the year.
E: Oh my God.
S: We're not really doing new news items. But we have to say, the drone thing is just so silly.
E: I know.
S: I mean, it's basically like people are wondering what these mysterious drones are in the sky. They're freaking drones.
E: What is mysterious about this? And other things that are misidentified as drones.
S: Yeah. What do you think these drones are? I think they're drones.
US#07: But they're drones at night people can't possibly find.
S: And there's a lot of them where people get so many drones.
E: They always come out at night.
US#07: Definitely not Amazon.
S: The rest is the day.
E: I got mine. I did order one on Cyber Monday. Yes, yes, I I did a search for the best deal on a drone and I got one like at 85% off and I bought whoa. Yeah.
S: Have you got it yet?
E: I have.
S: Have you flown it yet?
E: No, I haven't. I have to wait until the holidays are over until you know.
US#07: Is there a brand associated with it that you're willing to say?
E: Well, I don't have the box right in front of me, I would have to go get it, but I believe the designation is called X 29. I don't know if that means anything.
US#07: OK, no.
E: No, OK. Maybe I'll look it up. Maybe I can look that up real quick while you guys keep droning on. You knew that awful pun was coming. Thank. You is the year over yet?
S: So thanks, Kara, thought Bubble.
US#07: It's called the ultimate beginner's drone, apparently, so that's good smart.
S: Good for you. Hey, nice. Thank you, Ian. You're the ultimate beginner. I I, I, hey, I am a neophyte when it comes to drones. So how has everyone been for 2024? How'd the year go for you guys?
C: What a year. Survived. Is that the way to describe? Here I. Think so, yeah.
S: This is our year end show. This is our 20th year end show that we've done. That's right. Yeah.
C: Wow.
S: That was funny. Wow. Oh.
C: Boy.
S: We look back and at the SGU and science and skepticism and things and stuff over the last year. Yeah, this has been an interesting year. There's a lot of subtext. I think happening here not necessarily in a good way.
E: Well, mixed bags certainly like you know, like most years, but I mean certainly there were a lot of milestones in 2024 for for SGU in a lot of different ways.
S: Yeah, we passed our one thousandth episode in 2024. We had two great live events this year. Everything we did was all the live events were were really good, but we had two sort of outstanding ones. We had the eclipse and we had our thousandth episode both. Yeah, they were.
B: Yeah, they were standouts.
S: Yeah, well, they're the largest audiences. We've been unreal. Yeah, yeah.
E: I know, so long ago. I know it doesn't seem like a long time ago, but yeah, was this year. Oh boy, the eclipse in Dallas was just.
S: That was awesome and.
E: I was especially happy for everyone there. You, you, you fellas. Who for who's this for whom? This was their first total solar.
S: Eclipse, it was so unbelievable and it was all the more dramatic. It was like a TV show because like we had clue as cloud cover, right? You know.
C: Right. We didn't know if it would happen.
E: But the drama, right?
S: Really like the last minute, the clouds part, the sky is clear, and then the eclipse happens and it was just incredible.
B: You look up and like there's Sauron's eye in the sky. It. Is. Crap. So surreal.
S: Lidless breathed in flame, and we saw the prominence. You know about these? The the.
B: Little red, yeah. They were naked eye too. I was like, what is that? And then I looked, I looked closely and like, Oh my God.
US#07: So we had those binoculars and whoever set up the one on the stand, Yeah. Very cool.
S: Yeah. Yeah. And then we had a great audience for the thousandth episode. It was very nice. People were so, you know, so supportive and everything, you know, being on this ride with us. It was awesome. Yeah. So it was a good year, yeah.
E: Yeah, and a bad year.
US#07: Well, we'll keep it at that. Don't talk about anything else. Good stuff happened, yeah. And show over. The last year we have electricity, but.
S: Well, Ian, apparently by the twenty 30s we're going to have commercial fusion power.
US#07: 05 to 10 years, is that game here that one of those?
C: Yeah, 5 to 10 years, yeah.
S: I've 10 years now. This is like this again just came out. We would definitely be talking about this as a news item if it wasn't just a review show. But a company Commonwealth Fusion System says we're going to have a commercial attached to the grid producing electricity fusion reactor in the twenty 30s. Like OK, that's pretty ambitious. They haven't done it yet. I mean, they haven't they don't have a proof of principle. Even they haven't, they're just going to build it, go straight to a commercial reactor.
B: Who said that, Steve?
S: The company? What do you mean? Who said that?
B: Yeah. So this is the the Commonwealth fusion systems, which remember this is like a a split off of MIT, right?
S: Yeah.
B: Or are they part?
S: With it, they're collaborating with MI TS Plasma Science and Fusion Center. Yeah.
B: So this is this is the the fusion plan idea. You know what their their specific approach. They this is the one that I'm most hopeful for because first we got MI TS and is is in the loop, which of course, you know, raises it as much as they can. I mean, it's MI T MI TS awesome. But the other part is that they they start with this super powerful small really, you know, it's like a 20 Tesla magnetic field. It's like far the most powerful in the world, far more powerful than the eater Takamak reactor that what they're using. And that's that's what's going to make it much smaller and cheaper. And I don't know, fusion is fusion and they say it's going to be in the twenty 30s and it could be in the 20 fifties. I don't know. But if I had to put money down, if I had to put money down, I would put on these guys. And and the other thing I like is that they're saying they're not going to create a test facility to proof of concept for the next test facility that will then usher in the final, you know, working to working facility. No, they're saying this is it. This is the one that's going to be able to connect to the grid and they're going to build it and they can they say they can run it in the twenty 30s. You know, I don't think it's going to be less than a decade necessarily, But hey, if they they're confident, it gives me a little bit more hope. I'll say a little bit. More.
S: I don't know. I'm extremely skeptical. I hope I'm wrong. I hope I'm 100% wrong about this. It's just this has been the Lucy's football for Charlie Brown for the last 50-60 years. It's always been 20 years away, you know what I mean? And they haven't done it yet. The thing is, they they have not produced plasma. They haven't produced net energy. They're just saying this is our design, it's going to work and we'll overcome these hurdles. Yeah, it's like, yeah, that's.
B: Yeah, we've, we've heard that before.
S: Yeah, we've heard that there's a lot of ifs, and if they do it, it's literally the science and technology news of this century.
B: Sure, if they freak.
S: Oh yeah, this will this.
E: Will I mean talk about planet saving technology?
S: Yeah, I mean, I hope I'm wrong, but damn.
US#07: But this is a private enterprise, right? Like, how are they getting funding they're getting? Funding. It has, yeah. But I mean, you know, billions of dollars or they need like trillions of dollars. I mean like billions. OK.
B: Billions. Yeah.
US#07: Because I'm like, Oh yeah, do they need trillions of dollars to actually accomplish it? You know what I mean? Like, well, it was to say, but.
B: I mean, no, maybe not, not now, but if you could, the farther you go in the past, it would probably, you know, potentially reach that that amount. Yeah. But I mean, their claim is they'll be able to demonstrate net fusion energy, which of course is nebulous. I'm trying to look it up. And it just means that more energy is going to be produced and it consumes. Well, what does that mean? Because we know the National Ignition Facility, right? They were using inertial confinement. They did it. They had, they really hit ignition and all that, all that good stuff. But still they produce more energy than the lasers that hit that, that nugget, that hall room. But The thing is, the energy that they created to do it was like hundreds of times more than than it was produced. So it's like, yeah, it's net energy only in, in this confined area. But if you step back a few paces, no, it's So what? So what do they mean by net fusion energy? Does it mean soup to nuts, like all the energy or not? That's the thing. And then that's what I'm not sure about right here, what they're saying. Net fusion. I doubt it. That's all that.
S: But if it's not real net energy, they're not going to be producing the energy for the grid.
C: Exactly. That's all that matters.
B: Exactly, and even they may do it, say they actually do it and it works. This is it. We've got we could plug this into the grid. It still just might be eventually just too expensive. It's like, you know, this works, but it's just too much money. Solar and and wind and geothermal is just going to be much cheaper and we can get the same for less. So then it still might be an obscure like niche thing that oh look at this really works, but too bad we can't make a lot of them because it's just too damn expensive. Who knows at this point.
S: But this isn't one of the Science News items of the year. This is just a, this is just a bold, bold ass claim. Let's start.
Best and Worst SGU of 2024 (09:33)[edit]
Best SGU Episodes and MomentsFavorite SGU Interview None
S: So usually we start by just reviewing the SGU over the last last year we talked about our, our stand out live events. You know, we'll talk about, we'll pick our own sort of favorite moments, interviews, shows, etcetera. And then we'll mentioned any feedback we got from listeners. Ian, do you have any from the like Discord or from?
US#07: Yeah, I mean, we could jump right into we we sent out a form from our listeners that to our listeners that specifically call it the skeptical Hero and Skeptical Jackass. We could we could Scroll down to the best Science News items of the year. Well, I think that or let's start with SGU moments.
S: Best interview, Best episode.
US#07: We have let me give the the list. Then we have favorite dig on Wu and nonsense, favorite Evan Pun, favorite passionate moments from Jay, favorite rogue segment and favorite astronomy segment. Maybe we can go into those. The the highest science of fiction is winning currently. So that's a general statement. I think I.
E: Think that wins every year?
US#07: The dumbest thing of the week song.
E: Yes, thank. You for. That acknowledgement. By the way, I knew the audience. I knew we had one of the best audiences in all the podcasting.
US#07: Somebody said that time that Kara reminded us she's from LA. Yeah.
E: That one time.
US#07: That one time. Thank you, David and a little.
C: Slow please. You guys are talking about Connecticut constantly.
US#07: Only when we're talking about Pete's social.
C: And weather and and. Bears. And literally everything.
US#07: Right, alright.
C: What about name? That logical fallacy came in second place to Science OR. Fiction. True. Yeah, that is true.
US#07: Yeah. That's a good one.
S: What are those two seconds, Andrea and I wonder?
US#07: Everyone likes Guess rogue Andrea. Yeah, she was very popular.
S: Who doesn't love Andrea?
US#07: Which is. Nice.
S: I think because, you know, because she's very logical and scientific on a topic politics that we don't talk about, like political science. You know what I mean? It's it's a science that we don't talk about that much. I remember when I first saw Andrea, it was her lecture at Nexus on political science. I'm like, this is awesome. This is really good information about a topic more and more that I usually don't hear about.
B: I remember I I specifically remember when she did when she did Nexus, I remember thinking this is the best talk of the conference. She she was hilarious and it was and she made something that you wouldn't think is really as interesting as as she made it. It was just, I was so enamored. It's like, wow, she she kicked butt.
E: Well, she's a performer as well.
B: Yeah, right. So she combines.
E: Literally a frankest performer. Exactly. So she she combines those talents to make to make it a very effective communicator.
C: Speaking of best talks at a conference, let's talk about Steve while he's not here. Yes, right. How amazing was his talk at Cyclone this year?
E: It like kind of brought the house. Down.
B: It was amazing. It was amazing. People. I remember people going coming up to Steve afterward sobbing. I almost lost. It was like, holy crap. I mean this all this from.
E: In appreciation, sobbing in appreciation.
B: And I've just heard of other, I've heard of other people talking about it at a recent skeptical event in New York this this past couple of weeks, like people were still talking about it. Such an amazing an amazing talk.
C: Absolutely. Somebody who took the survey did answer for their favorite rogue segment that the discussion on gender was really interesting and timely and Stephen Kerr did a great job. What people may not realize is that Steve, I don't remember, did we talk about this on the show even a little bit after Cycon? Yeah, yeah, yeah, we talked a little bit. So you may remember that we talked about, but you didn't get to hear that Steve gave this incredible talk in Vegas this year about sex and gender. And it was really measured. And it was honestly a breath of fresh air within the skeptical movement where we often see a lot of division and a lot of a lot of talks and and writings that are quite fraught.
Voice-over: Yes.
E: Absolutely, absolutely that. And these things do happen within the movement. We've seen it before and this is necessary, this is healthy and this is what does help keep the movement going, frankly.
C: As far as this, what you're referring to is when skeptics disagree, correct? Right. That was really the title of. This talk.
E: Exactly.
US#07: And luckily, what Steve talks about comports with reality, so there is always.
C: That's always. Helpful.
US#07: You know what I mean? That helps a little.
C: Bit does help just a little.
US#07: Just a little.
C: I feel like we did a lot of talking about reality this year and people seem to seem to vote for a lot of favorite moments where we talked about reality as well.
E: And it is a super complicated topic. So many of the things we talk about have levels of complication, but this one in particular, and it hits on so many levels, you know, scientific, social and otherwise, very difficult for laypeople to wrap their minds around what's really going on here. So this was necessary.
C: But there were a lot of really great moments for the SGU this year, almost too many to name. What do you guys think?
E: Well, there was that time earlier this year when we were mentioned on John Oliver. 'S show. Oh, for like half a year, yeah.
B: Yeah, it was on the.
US#07: Screen it was there I screenshot.
C: One second.
US#07: It counts.
B: This is about UFOs and and regarding our talk with the president Jimmy Carter on right, which was one of, you know, still a highlight in our interview lives. But that screenshot, I took pictures of it. I took multiple pictures. Until it was perfect, it was. Hard to find that damn frame stopping the the video but oh man loved it.
US#07: And we we should track what you talk about on the show versus what they then talk about on John Oliver or something like that. I feel like there's some maybe listeners in the writer room.
S: I wouldn't, it wouldn't shock me. It's not only that, it's not just like the topics that they cover. Occasionally they say things like there's no way they heard about that outside of the skeptical movement. Like there was the one episode where they specifically talked about P hacking. I mean. P hacking, that's totally a science based medicine kind of skeptical phrase. Like the chances of them encountering that and understanding the role that it plays in, like pseudoscience and medicine is, it's pretty minimal unless they're plugged in to some extent to some skeptical outlets.
E: You know, science based medicine. Based medicine? Yeah, probably.
C: Yeah, or science. I mean, I do think that it's quite likely that many of the writers on that show are skeptics themselves.
S: It's sounds like.
C: Yeah. And whether they are actively monitoring, you know, skeptical literature or whether they themselves, because I do think there are way more skeptics in the world than there are people plugged into the skeptic movement.
B: I hope so.
C: And we've got to capture all that.
B: That's right. Yeah, and communicate if they're. Listening. If they're listening right now, hey, you know, maybe you can just mention our URL that'd. Be cool, yeah?
Science News of the Year (16:26)[edit]
James Webb Space TelescopeHIV Drug, lenacapavirCell Phone Brain cancer reviewFruitfly brain mapAD may be transferrableAncient life on MarsBad scienceDid not find Earhart’s planePentagon UFO ReportDeath of Steorn None
S: Throws it down all you guys want to talk about Science News of the year?
Voice-over: Sure.
Skeptical Hero of the Year (16:33)[edit]
None
S: OK. I, you know, compared to previous years, like looking at like the best, most exciting Science News of the year, it was a little, a little dry.
Skeptical Jackass of the Year (16:41)[edit]
None
S: It wasn't a lot out there. Usually it's like, oh God, it's like 50-60 things. What am I going to talk about? It was hard for me to really find anything.
B: Stand out, yeah.
S: Yeah, but I'm just give you a few of the of the ones that consistently came up that I agree these are interesting news items. So 1 is just the James Webb's Tel James Webb Space Telescope, the JWST. That's big.
B: Oh yeah. Every Yeah. Past few years it's been the top of the Science News. Yeah. Yeah. Amazing discoveries. A new HIV drug? Yeah.
C: That's my pick.
B: Yep, huge.
C: Basically, I mean, not a vaccine, but basically a vaccine. 6 months of coverage? Yeah, when one shot.
B: For what? Wow. HIV.
C: HIV, yeah.
B: Six months in, one shot of. Vaccination, yeah. I thought a year that's wait, a year that's.
C: Not a classic vaccine in the sense of vaccine, but it's a shot.
B: Carry the five.
J: I thought that the MRN AM RNA cancer vaccines that you know, I was reading on those recently and that that is pretty damn impressive and potentially a game changer in so many ways.
C: And that's the thing, right, when we talk about like best science of the year, it's often potentially cool stuff or cool stuff that actually is happening. And we always have to kind of, I think toe that line, right? Like, I hope this thing happens. It happened in a mouse or we were able to turn once, yeah, versus yeah, like, oh, this is like on the market or this is actually happening.
E: Yeah, very few eurekas or breakthroughs that hit so hard it overshadowed everything else. Speaking of overshadowing, if I may say, Yeah, what I found to be really interesting this year, more like science themes in a way. Like AI was a huge overall with 100 news items about AI. Something else that kind of fit that category for me was the moon. There was a lot of news items revolved around the moon, not just the eclipse. OK, so we spoke about that already. Japan in January of 2024 achieved their first landing on the moon with their slim mission. Or how about in February when a private company that was the audience the the Odysseus Lander intuitive machines, first time AUS unmanned loon landing happened in 50 years. It was 50 years ago that happened. Also this year, China not only launched and landed on the moon, but successfully returned samples from the moon as well. Oh, did you know we got a second temporary moon this year? I believe we talked about we talked about that as well, right? And then there were the other and then other moons within our solar system, The Europa Clipper launch, the JUICE mission that got its boost around around Venus this year, 3 new moons identified in our solar system, one around Uranus and one around 2 around Neptune. So increasing that. And of course, what they are saying was perhaps the first confirmed EXO moon that they were able to discover through volcanic activity. So there were moon news items all over the place. So I think it, I think it was the year of the moon.
S: But Evan, there was big Mars news that I don't know if we covered this. I think it was because it was in August when we were doing our thousandth episode.
B: Potential evidence.
S: For micro potential bio signatures in rock on the surface of Mars, this is not smoking gun evidence that yes there was life on Mars, but there was organic matter decisively detected by the Perseverance Rover that you know could be a biosignature that there was at least in the ancient you know, Mars there may have been life That is amazing. Oh.
B: My God, yeah, I saw that. I came across that as well. Yeah, yeah, that was interesting. But yeah, of course, like you said, no smoking gun. So don't go running around.
S: But that's, that's certainly that's certainly an important piece of evidence though organic matter on Mars. We mapped the fruit fly brain this year that was. Huge.
E: Yeah, that's right. The whole, the entire brain, right. And the 1st and that's the first entire mapping of a.
C: At that level. At that level, yeah. Yeah, it was like pretty, pretty resolved. It had a lot of detail, which is very cool.
S: So we can tell what they're thinking now is that.
C: Yeah, now we can. Now we know their plots, their plans to. Take it.
US#07: Why are they following me everywhere?
C: It'll just Saffle a melanogaster.
S: Bastard The World Health Organization's 20 year review of a cell phone and brain cancer data showing no, no risk of, of brain cancer from cell phone use that kind of even though it was a review that kind of science is extremely important. You know, doing a doing a really good systematic review of like 20 years of data and putting that out there. It's like, Nope, it's not causing cancer, don't worry about it. But.
US#07: What about that video on TikTok I.
S: That video on TikTok?
E: That one, sure. We're going to mention TikTok.
C: A few times.
B: That's that's really good news, because now I I have good reason to become even more addicted to my phone.
C: Great.
B: Mine's taped to my head, right?
C: I can't give you a bunch of reasons not to, but. Nothing to do with other issues.
B: Those reasons I ignore.
C: I love that on the on the pole of of our listeners of their best Science News item of the year. Like some of the answers are so good. Like the one about black holes?
S: Yeah, that one about black holes. Yeah, that one time Bob spoke about black.
C: Holes at one time, yeah, yeah. We got time. Orcas wearing hats. Oh, Havana Syndrome, Remember? We talked. About that wasn't interesting.
B: Oh my God.
S: That was interesting.
US#07: This year, yeah.
B: Oh wow.
S: That's a complicated story, Yes, it really is.
C: CRISPR curing. CRISPR.
S: CRISPR. Yeah, CRISPR used to cure sickle cell. That's pretty slick, man. CRISPR baby, Yeah.
B: CRISPR.
J: Didn't they have lab grown kidneys too this year?
S: Was it this year? I don't think I really crossed the line. That's kind of, you know what I mean That's.
C: I think someone just got a pig kidney like to like recently as in the Today or the day before. But yeah, I'm not sure if they're viable yet. The lab, Known ones.
S: There was evidence, more evidence, that Alzheimer's disease can be transferable, can transfer from human to human.
E: Oh my gosh, guys hear about that.
S: Wonder how we're talking?
C: About good, good. Yeah. Like keep. It late today.
S: How do you think that happens?
E: Eating brains if you share cerebral spinal fluid. Eating brains.
S: I mean, you guys are, you guys are actually on the right track. It's not specifically necessarily that, but there is increasing evidence that Alzheimer's disease, part of it is a misfolded protein like Macau.
C: Disease.
S: That can't, that is transferable. You know, it's a wow. Oh, my God. It's a misfolded beta amyloid.
C: Yeah. Yeah, prion. I mean, I know it's not a prion 'cause it's a beta amyloid, it probably has its own name, but they are terrifying.
J: Yeah. Mm. Hmm. So, Steve, people that treat people on a daily basis have a higher. Chance of no, you got to get.
S: You got to get exposed to actual brain tissue, yeah.
J: OK.
C: So I guess though, if you're doing a open surgery or something and the person has Alzheimer's, although the ethics of that I think are complicated, it's hard to consent to brain surgery.
S: Speaking of, TikTok with the SGU did hit a milestone.
US#07: Ah.
S: Our highest downloaded TikTok video 8.7 million downloads Yeah, that's.
E: Amazing.
S: That's not.
US#07: What views not?
E: Views, whatever. You plan 3 happen right from the. Trees. We knew that was the one. Radio that was gonna be when I made it.
S: I'm like, I turned it in like Ian, this is the one.
E: That's good. That's. One this is the one we don't remember.
S: We knew we had no.
E: Perfect. You used the perfect formula is what you did. You had a plan, you put it into place.
US#07: I was sitting in my pajamas posting the video and I was like, Oh yeah, I can feel it. I can feel it.
E: I was gonna hit. Just in time for TikTok to get banned in the United States.
C: Perfect. What honesty? How? How old do we sound right now?
US#07: I would not scream boomer from the top of my lawns, but no, it's OK.
E: With that, Myspace and all.
US#07: Yeah, right. You know, the top five. No, it was pretty out of nowhere. I just looked at it and I was like, this has to be a mistake. Like clearly. We didn't have a million. Views in a day and now it's up to like 9 million. It keeps going up even though it has kind of peaks.
S: It's leveling off, yeah. It's like 8.7 right now, yeah. It just goes to show you how random that is.
US#07: It's very random. I don't know what we did. Nobody. Nobody knows.
S: So does.
C: That mean? Quantities are to chase that.
US#07: Yeah.
C: Does that mean quantity matters? I mean, yeah, I just. I don't say this to be little, but like that's not that high for TikTok.
US#07: No, certainly it's not massive.
C: Yeah. High for. Us, no, totally. It is high for us. But no, Evan, I wouldn't say it's a quantity reason. It's just it's a fluke. Somebody shares something and it takes off.
US#07: Yeah, the algorithm is weird and you know it. Just it picks what it likes randomly.
C: Well. People pick what they like.
US#07: That's true too, Yeah. And.
C: That, but then the big things get shared more because they get seen more. It's like a runaway.
US#07: Right, feedback loop kind of thing.
C: Yeah.
B: And then of course, there's my favorite topic that I covered this year. This news item, if you remember it was the nuclear pasta talk, which is my fit, which is I was just giggling while I was researching it more than anything else. If you remember, we're talking, we're talking about not black holes, but neutron stars. And if you go a certain depth, not too deep, but a certain depth, you have the strong force and the electrostatic force battling it out for supremacy, right. And they, there's a balance with with these forces such that it distorts nuclear matter into these stable states. And the scientists that I love so much, my favorite scientists, because they call these states, there's the the gnocchi state, there's a spaghetti, lasagna and bucatini, depending on how the stable shape that these nuclear forces kind of put them in. And they are, they are so strong. I mean, they're inside a neutron star. So you this is no surprise that the strength or sheer modulus a quintillion times the strength of diamond. So that was a so much fun, the idea that these these guys, you know, being an Italian astronomy geek, of course I love this. And it was just one of my favorite news items to research.
E: And I knew immediately it had nothing to do with black holes, because that is strictly spaghettification.
B: Yeah. Well, I don't. Know actually no, but OK I love you to. Sit there.
C: Do we talk, I know we're going to talk about pseudoscience. Do we talk about the most, like, terrifying news item? Or do we just skip Go?
B: Ahead and keep yeah. Do it hit me?
C: I mean, very recently, as in like just was it last week to for me the fact that scientists discovered that only one gene mutation is necessary for the bird flu to go from human to human transmission when we used to think that three different mutations had to happen, just one.
B: Away.
C: One away with very we will be getting there, but a very interesting team in place to handle that.
B: Oh Lord.
C: There was a lot of, like, scary bad news about the climate this year. I mean, there's a lot, a lot going on. It's just always the hottest.
E: Do we know yet or they haven't announced?
S: It we are on track for 2024 to be the hottest year on record. Yep, keeping the last 10 years is the hottest last 10 years on record.
US#07: Yeah.
S: Yeah, probably not a coincidence. Scientists predicted it. Climate deniers denied it. The deniers were wrong. Absolutely wrong.
US#07: Will they admit it?
S: No, they'll just, we'll just again, they just move the goal posts. Same drug. All right, it's warm. But how do we know people are doing it? All right, people are doing it, but how do we know it's going to be a bad thing? All right, it's going to be a bad thing, but what can we do about it?
E: And then and then, Steve, why didn't you tell us sooner? Yeah, that's coming up soon. You and your mixed messages.
S: So you guys remember earlier in the year we talked about the deep sea vision that announced they may have spotted Amelia Earhart's plane.
E: Oh yeah, yeah. My gosh.
S: But we didn't say is that in November, they said, oh, never mind. They said it was just a natural rock formation. That was it. Oh really?
E: Never mind. How many times in history as. Someday. Has something something natural been mistaken it for something artificial like that?
S: All the time. There's just one more example, like when you're looking at things, either like you're looking at things at the bottom of the ocean, or you're looking at things from like satellite imagery, looking at the Earth or looking at other planets. You yeah, rocks can look like stuff. You know what I mean? Natural. Formation. Can, can look like stuff. You know, you got the face on Mars. Remember the Bigfoot on Mars? Yeah, there's all kinds of stuff. And so this, yeah, it kind of looked like a plane, but it didn't look like Amelia Earhart's plane. And like the details didn't match. And again, it's, it's the BLOB squatch phenomenon. Like it was indistinct enough that you that it could be a plane, could be a rock.
US#07: It's an underwater drone, right?
S: Yeah, it could. Turned out it was a Rock, You know?
E: Breaking news Amelia Earhart's drone discovered at the. Bottom of the news.
S: But what's interesting though is if you look at the if you look very, very closely in the cockpit of the plane was Bigfoot flying. You could clearly see. Well, the continuous Pentagon UFO nonsense is still a big story of the year.
E: Please it just get. Worse, too. It's gonna get worse. It's just. It's gonna get. Worse.
S: I just feel like we lost that one, you know, in a way. Because the UFO nuts managed to get enough attention at the, you know, at the government level that people now have this baseline impression, just like in society that, oh, the government says that UFO's are real. Like, this is a thing now. And you have mainstream journalists writing and, like, the New York Times, like, yeah, UFO's exist now. They're real. It's like, no, that's not what happened, people. That's not what happened. This is nothing. This is the same old cranks shopping around, the same old, you know, debunked evidence and just more blurry, indistinct photos just like this Amelia Earhart's plain natural rock formation. It's nothing. It's nothing. But they managed to just cross that line. You know, culturally it's just really frustrating.
E: Yeah. It's cultural saturation, as I like to call it. And we talked about this at our thousandth recording in Chicago. Yeah, looking back at 20 years worth of this evidence and it's the same story, just repackaged in modern terms and and and examples. Nothing has changed.
In Memoriam (31:42)[edit]
James Earl JonesTeri GarrMaggie SmithPhil DonahueRuth WestheimerGeorge Joseph Kresge Jr (The Amazing Kreskin)Mark EdwardScientistsPeter Higgs (Nobel winning physicists, Higgs Boson)Ed Stone (director Jet Propulsion Laboratory)William Anders (astronaut, “Earthrise” photographer)Philip Zimbardo (Stamford prison experiment)Maxine Singer (geneticist, shaped rules for genetic engineering)Warren Washington (climate scientists, made model of climate) None
S: This year also saw the death of Stern. Talk about repackaging the same old nonsense. Finally, free energy machines, right? Every time they pop up like, no, there's no free energy, you know, you can't buy like the the laws of thermodynamics. Sorry, no, but then it's the same crap, you know, oh, but we really did it this time. It's like, no, no, you didn't. Then it takes years to play out. It's like, oh, it looks like they didn't, they didn't do it, you know, of course they didn't do it.
E: A. Little sad to see that one go. It gave us, I think, at least a half dozen segments or news items to talk about over the 15 years that it lasted.
S: Ian, is there anything else?
US#07: Favorite Evan Pun did you know that that is an item on our on our form to.
E: Be by surprise.
US#07: That, you know, people, I guess love to comment on even in the discord, they they talk about, you know, each episode. It's like, did you hear this one? Did you hear that one? Especially the ones that are under you, you know, your breath that Steve apparently catches, but maybe fly eventually.
E: I hit it, yes. It's like leaving an Easter egg for my Co host.
US#07: That's right, so a recent one. On episode 1013, which is 1013, Steve mentioned weasels and Evan quietly said pop qualifies as a pawn.
E: Absolute pause and I laugh. It was deliberate.
C: Evanism.
E: I received several DMS through my Facebook account on that one, about four people.
US#07: Most people say they just need, they need a list to pick like multiple choice or like all of them.
E: Yeah, that's. Something we track. It's not like. Quotes Or, you know, statistics for science or fiction. But maybe going forward.
US#07: Yeah. If anybody wants to do that work, and maybe you don't know after, yeah.
C: The AI will be oh what? It's actually good.
US#07: For that'll definitely.
E: Breaks of AI go through. Go through the transcript of every episode for the year and pull out all the puns. Oh, I like it.
US#07: There's one person who says I dislike puns and he's like, OK buddy people.
C: Are like, I don't like chocolate, I hate massages. All right, cool guy.
US#07: Anyway, good work on that Evan from Jay Passionate moment. Let's see if the milieu it has seeped into the milieu of the podcast. What do you guys think is the most popular Jay Passionate moment?
S: That includes the live streams or just on the show.
US#07: Includes the live streams Hint and Wink. Wink. I mean, Jay's epic meltdown a couple of weeks ago. We I mean.
C: Would you call it a meltdown? A.
S: 100%.
US#07: Explosion.
C: Yeah, not everybody who listens to the show watches the live stream. I'm not on the live stream so tell us what happened.
US#07: Yeah, yeah, Jay.
J: So. So, I mean, look, I've made it very clear where I stand politically.
US#07: Yeah.
J: And even I know this is a skeptical podcast. Hmm. But the bottom line is, you know, I am a human being and I'm going to, I'm going to react in one way or another. So it was a week after the election. I, I was so bottled up after, after that travesty. Steve and I were doing our live stream business as usual. Everything's cool. We're laughing and we're doing some funny segments. You know, Steve, Steve and I had some good banter going on. And then Ian pops up this this video of RFK talking about how the Democrats have, you know, basically like democratized or, you know.
C: Politicized.
J: No, basically like they've quantified nature to like it's a transactional relationship that we have with with nature. But he thinks that nature we should we should preserve nature because humans have this spiritual connection. He gets all into that vein of things, right? I freaked out right. Like, I all of a sudden I'm like, this guy is going to be in charge of the, the health of millions of people. And I'm thinking to myself, you know, babies are going to die because they're not going to get vaccinated. And, you know, trans people are going to have a hell of a time getting health care that they need, you know, and he thinks that, you know, people become trans because of chemicals in the water. You know, all this is going through my head. And next thing I know, I'm screaming. I just started screaming.
B: Yep.
J: And then I proceeded to tell Steve, Ian and everybody watching every single thing that I felt that I've not said in the past week. And it went on for a very long time. And it was cathartic, I have to admit.
C: Yeah. That's what I was going to ask, if it was cathartic. We don't often have an audience for those.
J: Yeah. You know, I got, you know, some people didn't like it. Of course, a lot of people, you know, seem to completely understand and and share similar, similar feelings. You know, most of us in the skeptical movement, I think are skeptical of Trump. You know, we watched everything that that he's done. And, you know, look, it's not about like I am. I don't care about political parties. I've made that perfectly clear. I'm not a Democrat, I'm not a Republican, I'm a voter. And I think over the last 20 years of me honing my skeptical skills that I can look at someone and make a judgment call on them and not have party affiliation in any way, you know, get involved. I just don't care about that.
C: Well, it also doesn't capture people anymore. Like it's weird. Like if you put RFK on a map and go what party is this man in? You would be like well.
S: It's hard to say.
C: Yeah, over here he's the. Grift Party.
S: To to reiterate our position, which I think is important for our audience to understand, we are non partisan. It doesn't mean we're not political because we talk about issues that have a political dimension. It's unavoidable. Just like we are not anti religion, but we will talk about religious topics that have a scientific or critical thinking angle. We will talk about creationism as a pseudoscience, right. So the thing about Trump, which has really been challenging for us, we're trying to maintain our show as a science show and critical thinking show. That's not, you know, naked LY partisan is that Trump is a global warming denier. He is really has a lot of anti vaccine views, right. He has a lot of pseudo scientific views. And we we talked with him. I've been writing about him long before he became a political candidate about on these fact he's a conspiracy theorist. You know, we have to talk about those things. They're, they are perfectly cromulent skeptical topics. No matter what your partisanship is, right, whether you are Republican or Democrat or whatever. He's still a naked global warming denier, a pseudo scientist, and same thing. RFKI don't care if he's a Democrat or Republican. The guy is a crank from beginning to end. He is a dangerous crank and it is bad for our country to have a medical crank in charge of our healthcare. That's not a partisan issue. That is a science and skepticism issue 100%.
J: Yeah. And that's why, you know, I, I got hit emotionally so hard, you know, dealing with the reality of, of people now that are going to assume massive power pulling in very important levers. And I think we're going to see a significant and very dangerous downturn in the quality of lots of things. But healthcare in particular is what I've been, I've been really focusing on since the election.
S: The risk is certainly that we don't know how things are going to actually play out, but the risk is.
C: Certainly no, but we know that there's intentionality or things to happen that will make that will end in death.
J: So in the end that was it, you know, like it was Steve was trying to reel me back in. And you know, most of the times in my life Steve has a is very good at reeling me back in. He could not reel me back in it.
S: Took we eventually got you there. It took some time.
J: Yeah, but I mean, you know, the end result, the end result was there was a meatball. I, I wish I didn't do it, you know, simply because.
S: She didn't have to do it.
J: Right. Yeah, I guess I, I wish I wasn't put in a situation where, you know, I look, I'm a highly emotional person. Like I'm going to have emotional outbursts and stuff like that. It was a little bit too much for me to keep bottled up. And I guess I, I should have started talking about it, you know, and letting it out and.
C: That's the difference, yeah.
J: Yeah, what's funny that you thought it was that one?
B: Too, It's fine. It was such an extreme event that happened really. I mean it was really in, in many in our all of our thinking. It was disastrous for not only the country, but beyond. Yeah, you. So what? You vent it a little bit. I mean, come on, you're probably, it's probably healthier to vent it than keep it in and explode like I'm going to do when I'm 70.
C: But I thought they did explode.
J: Yeah, no, I did. It was. It was an unmitigated explosion.
B: That was a controlled explosion. I'm talking about the psychologically damaging effects when you when you hold stuff in for long periods of.
J: Time, yeah, but Kara.
C: Kara. And the result of holding things in that is not emotion regulation.
J: Kara, you and I have talked about this a lot. Like I'm, I am a firm believer in expressing your emotions, not, you know, don't be stoic to the point where you, you're, you're not talking to yourself about your emotions. You're, you're bottling it up. You're hiding everything that you think and feel from other people like that, that there's some aspect of that going on here. The subtext in our society is like, you can't show any seams, you know, And I don't like that and I don't operate that way.
C: No, you've got to feel your feelings, and then the work is in learning how to regulate your.
S: Emotions. Definitely. Yeah, definitely expressing. Yourself is fine, just not necessarily on a live stream.
C: It's just this is the question I often ask my patients and I know it's going to sound pithy and kind of silly, but sit with it for a second. Do you have your feelings or do your feelings have you? Yeah. And it's, I know it's silly, but you want to have your feelings. When your feelings start to have you, there's probably some work to be done in learning how to regulate your emotions. A. Little bit, yeah.
J: And I think again, like to to to put an exclamation point at the end of this. Sometimes your feelings do have you it, and that's OK. It's going to happen. It shouldn't be a daily event. Absolutely not.
C: Well, even when your feelings have you, you should have done the work so that your behavior is not detrimental. It is not good to explode in anger. It is not good to react in a way that causes pain and suffering to the people around you. I'm not saying that's what you did. I'm just saying that's what can happen when your feelings have you. And that's what we work on, right? We can't control what we feel, but we can control what we do when we feel those things. Yeah, it takes work.
S: Yeah, Ian, anything else from the peanut gallery?
US#07: Yeah, well, it's funny that Jay picked that one, because it seems like the consensus is the Olive Garden rant more than. That yeah, that was awesome.
J: Oh man, the Olive Garden thing was funny and I think very factual it.
US#07: Was fact driven. So from a recent venture at Sycon, who do you think the favorite interview is? I'm just going to tell you, it's Brian Cox.
B: Oh yeah, Brian Cox was awesome. Sure. It's a no brainer for the year for the even. I'd say 5.
C: Years, I mean, I mean, Brian Cox, yeah, he's great, but coming in very close under and we've got Andrea, Kevin Folta and Michael Mann all tied. My vote is for Andrea Love and Michael Mann. I thought those were great interviews.
B: I really liked the Michael Mann interview.
J: Yeah, yeah, I did too. I mean, you know what though?
B: That. Was wonderful as well, yeah.
J: I love, I love when we interview Kevin because first of all, I'm a huge fan of fruit. And anytime Kevin talks about his farm and what he's doing and like, you know, the industry and the secret things that he knows about how screwed up the industry is. And you know, like one thing I keep asking him the same thing, 'cause I just love hearing him talk about like how, you know, they've selectively bred fruit to be beautiful and big, but the flavors gone, you know, and he knows all about that. And I, and I sometimes I'll send Kevin like images of fruit I find on the Internet be like, what is this? I want to get that, you know. So anyway, I love, I love that interview we did with Kevin because I thought we hit on a series of really cool topics that were all kind of revolving around fruit and pesticides and all that stuff. I find it really fun and interesting.
B: And don't forget, I got to throw in there our buddy Christian Hubiki. He's his. We did. I think we did maybe 2 interviews with him this year, didn't we?
E: He was at with us as a special appearance in Chicago over the Internet and a stand alone interview as well. That's.
B: Right. Yeah, he's always fun and informative, which is a great killer combination.
J: Well, he's another person where, you know, he's got an expertise that we're all interested in, but we don't really get to talk about that much, you know? Yeah, they're just a yeah, he's he's a roboticist and, you know, he's, you know, actively working on, you know, pushing that ball forward. And like, you know, he was one of the first people that that. Well, I think he was the actually the very first person I talked to that was like explained it to me in a way that I got it. Like, why is it so hard? And, you know, he kind of likened it to, you know, look at autonomous cars. Like we got really far to, we got to the 80% mark pretty fast, but it's that last 20% that that means everything and that has all the special stuff that we want that's going to be super hard and time consuming to get to, you know, will we have a humanoid robot walking around our home doing laundry, you know, and he said, you know, not not soon. You know, like it's going to take time. It's going to take a lot of time.
S: I think the theme here is that the what the favorite interviews have in common is, is those people who have a very high level of topic expertise in an area that we're interested in and they're great science communicators.
B: Yeah, Yeah, right. Yeah, for.
S: Sure. That's why I have to mention, you know, we said about Michael Mann. He like of all of the science communicators, the scientists talking about climate change, he's totally dialed in. He totally gets it. Like not just the science, but the actual cultural contest that we are engaged in. You know what I mean? The of.
US#07: Because he was in the the fire of, so to speak. Wasn't he the crosshairs?
S: Yeah, he's the hockey crosshairs.
US#07: Rather and the little trick or something in one of his emails or something.
S: The high, the decline. No, that wasn't him.
US#07: Oh OK, but the hockey stick. But. Here's the hockey stick. Yeah.
Science or Fiction (45:52)[edit]
Theme: Science News 2024
Item #1: Scientists have discovered the first eukaryote that can directly fix nitrogen from the air, with an organelle called a nitroplast.[1]
Item #2: A study found a significantly increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease among taxi and ambulance drivers, providing a possible clue to an important risk factor associated with driving.[2]
Item #3: Despite the fact that the surrounding stones of Stonehenge came from Wales, researchers found that the six-metric-ton central Altar Stone came from Scotland, at least 750 km away.[3]
| Answer | Item |
|---|---|
| Fiction | A study found a significantly increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease among taxi and ambulance drivers, providing a possible clue to an important risk factor associated with driving. |
| Science | Scientists have discovered the first eukaryote that can directly fix nitrogen from the air, with an organelle called a nitroplast. |
| Science | Despite the fact that the surrounding stones of Stonehenge came from Wales, researchers found that the six-metric-ton central Altar Stone came from Scotland, at least 750 km away. |
| Host | Result |
|---|---|
| Steve | sweep |
| Rogue | Guess |
|---|
S: Well, everyone, we're going to take a quick break from our show to talk about our sponsor this week, Rocket.
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B: Literally have more than 1/4 of a million emails. It's nuts. And all laced within all of them are these subscriptions and all these things. And some of them are, are kind of like subscriptions, but they're not. They're not really paid. It's just nuts to go through all that and try to deal with it. Rocket Money is a personal finance app that helps find and cancel your unwanted subscriptions, monitors your spending, and helps lower your bills so you can grow your savings. Rocket Money has over 5 million users and has saved a total of 500 million in cancelled subscriptions, saving members up to $740 a year when using all of the Apps Premium feature.
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S: All right, guys, let's get back to the show. All right, let's move on. We got the skeptical Hero and the Skeptical Jackass of the Year. Which one should we do first? I'm going to start with the skeptical hero. OK, All right, This is obvious, right?
J: For those of you especially who are at the the the SGU one thousandth show. I mean, without a doubt, Steve, I'm picking you as a skeptical hero for a few reasons I think that everyone will agree with. First, you know, I know Steve's my brother and it might seem a little corny or cliche, but just hear me out. Steve has been the, the host of this podcast for 20 years. Steve has produced over 1000 shows. He's never missed one because Steve has to be the primary host. And Steve does all the editing. It's, it's a, a massive, incredibly time consuming thing that Steve has over the years. You know, it went from about 10 hours, I think it's Steve, you're down to about what, 4 hours of editing a week now?
S: No, it's, but the show's gotten longer, right? So it used to be an hour, then an hour 20 now, which more like an hour. 4050 it's still taking me 6 hours to do the show. OK, you know, souped in nuts.
J: Yeah, it's a, it's a, it's an incredible amount of work. And Steve's dedication is remarkable. You know, Carrie, you weren't there from the beginning, but you do know, like, Steve is the driving force that makes everything happen. I gave a speech about Steve at the One thousandth show. I know that Steve didn't publish that. So you can hear that speech if you're a patron of the SG you even at the $0.00 amount, right? You just, you're just a a patron at the $0.00 level. You could see. That video of me giving that speech about Steve, that'll be in the feed when you listen to the show. So bottom line is I realized this as we were coming up on the one thousandth show, I realized, you know, I have a very inside picture of all the work that Steve does. And Steve and I, you know, run the SGU together. It's, it's a lot of work. It's a lot of happiness is a lot of tears. You know, there's a lot of frustrating things. But overall, you know, this, this project and this work that we do has been an enormously positive thing in our lives. And I, you know, I can't help but look at it and realize that Steve, you know, without him, it wouldn't exist. It couldn't exist, I think, without Steve in its current form. And I just wanted everyone to realize that listens to the show. You know, Steve is, is the person that fills up the oil lamps and make sure that the clocks and trains are on time. You know, in a profound way. I have to say that the, you know, I gave Steve a samurai sword as his award. I didn't want to give him some acrylic plaque with his name on it that has like a starburst, you know? Like, I've seen a million of those. Oh man.
S: I could have gotten the starburst. Because plaque.
J: Yeah. You know the shooting. *1 But I mean, I've seen, I've seen those and I was thinking I want to get something for Steve. Bottom line is I, you know, the samurai sword hit me and I'm like, Oh my God, this is perfect.
E: Hope you're OK.
J: And then I called George, and George helped me kind of like flesh out some ideas and everything, and it all really came together well. So we presented Steve the sword as his, as his, you know, award for, for doing the show for 20 years and for being our leader. I mean, Steve, you know this, I've said this to you many times. You, you have always been a hero of mine. You're my skeptical hero. You're one of my best friends. You're my brother. You're, you know, you someone I've looked up to my entire life, you know, from all the way back. Steve has been there giving me advice. Steve was the guy that told me, I'll repeat this till I die. It had a massive impact on me, Steve said. And I was young. I was probably like nine years old when he told me this. Not everybody grows up. You don't automatically become an adult when you get older. You have to work at being an adult to get yourself there. And it, and it changed me because I realized I was coasting, you know, like, you know, and, and for the years that followed, I'm like, I got to, I got to try to be an adult, you know, I have to, you know, put that energy in. And, and if it weren't for Steve, I'm not sure, you know, who I'd be or what I'd be or what I'd be doing with my creative time right now. It could, it could have been nothing. I'd like to think otherwise, but it very well could have been that. So Steve, I, I want to thank you. And I think everyone that listens to this show should take a moment to appreciate the fact that, you know, we are all part of this SDU community and it's largely because of you. And I love you. And I think you're, you're just one of the best people I've ever met in my life.
S: Thank you, Jay. Really appreciate that. That means a lot to me and I.
J: Watched the video, everybody watched the video because you will see the side of Steve's face and he he's almost crying for. About 5, I mean, yeah, I was pretty reclaimed the whole.
US#07: Time It wasn't crying, you were crying. By the time you hear this, it'll be available on Patreon for everyone for free members. So there you.
J: Go and I wanted to say one more thing to to add a little flourish to our to our mention about Steve's talk at Sycon. That talk was was very, very impactful. There was a lot of layers to the onion there that Steve presented to all of us. You know, first of all, Steve was saying we need to talk as skeptics. We need to be able to have discussions with each other. It's OK for us to disagree. We have to do it in a constructive way. And we should kind of, you know, get our story together before we go public with things. And, you know, we, we should spend the time talking to each other, figure things out. And then, you know, we could we, we could turn a, a collective face to the public, right. I agree with that sentiment. You know, Steve also talked was talking about an issue that means a lot to a lot of people, this issue about biological sex. It's not, it's not something that people that most people have an opinion about it one way or the other. I know that Steve's position is based on, on science and on critical thinking because we've talked about it so much and we've gone into the weeds and I've read most of Steve's blogs, if not all of them about, about it. You know, Steve, Steve is, isn't coming at this with any kind of preconception. He's he wants to know what the science says and he's talked to experts and he's done an amazing amount of reading in consideration. So I just think it's important that Steve did do this, put the energy and I think it's a really important topic. When Steve finished his talk, Barry Carr, who is the executive director of the Committee for Skeptical inquiry at Sycon, he's also the producer of the Sycon conference. He said that that was one of the most impactful skeptical talks that he's ever heard. And he's been around for pretty much all of them. And I would definitely agree, you know, as a, as someone who attended almost every Tam and went to every single Nexus, it was on the board and, and was, you know, you know, running that with everybody else during those years when it was all live. And then we went to live stream. Like I've been around these talks. I've, I've heard everything. You know, I thought Steve's talk was not only entertaining on its surface, but my God, it, it had a punch that was so freaking hard. It was so it was so valuable and, and it was the kind of talk that I didn't realize that I was craving. You know, I, I want to hear talks like that because it was provocative. It had, it was, there was humor in there. There was a lot of Steve's personality in there and it had very important messages. And I, I learned a lot from listening to it. And I just think that Steve is a, it was a triumph of you to do that and give such a high quality talk. I mean, that was you at the top of your freaking game.
S: I mean, that's it doesn't get any better than that.
J: I mean, I'm sure you can. Do downhill from here.
S: Steve all downhill. No, I appreciate it, Jay. Yeah. And the important thing I really wanted to get across is that we. This is what we should be talking about at these conferences. The stuff we disagree about, that's what we have to talk about. That's where we will learn the most and hone our understanding. And again, this also gets back to the psychological humility. We need to be humble. We need to be humble. We are not topic experts on everything, but we are part of a community that has a ton of topic experts. We need to be talking to each other and take our own freaking advice, listen to our own experts, you know, And I think we, yeah, I just think we need to do a lot more of that, especially on these controversial topics.
J: And you know, I think an important side note here, throughout the years, like, you know, including ourselves, right? We are aware that we have biases, right? Bob and I in particular, like are really positive about future technology. It's been something that we've been interested in since we were kids. You know, I want to believe that we're going to have a fusion reactor, you know what I mean? I want to believe that it's going to be an unbelievable, you know, I'm also a big fan of artificial intelligence. You know, I use ChatGPT all the time. You know, I think we have to realize that all of us have these chinks in our armor, right? We, we, we will give, we will turn a blind eye to certain things. We all have sacred cows.
S: But we keep each other honest.
J: We need to keep each other honest. But you know, we, we've seen over the years, many skeptics, many of you know, high profile skeptics get major things wrong, you know, and we and we, we're wrong as well. Like we're in that group as well. But I'm just saying that the humility that Steve, that Steve is talking about, you have to have it because no one is perfect, right? Like we all, we all are going to make these mistakes continuously for our entire lives. We're all going to do it. Hopefully we can lower the cut, you know, the instances of it, but it's always going to be there. And that humility is so freaking important. Thank you again, Steve. You know, that was another thing you taught me that really, you know, changed the way I look at my reality.
S: All right, thank you, Jay. All right, nobody else could pick me. Now you have to mention other people that are your skeptical.
C: Hero I well, you know what's funny is I couldn't find one this year. Like I I I really struggled. Skeptical Jackass was really easy.
S: Yeah, we'll get to that.
C: We'll get to.
S: That. I got 1.
C: But Skeptical Hero was tough. I mean, I would definitely second what Jay is saying. The only other person I really thought of was Kamala for fighting the good fight and for really keeping keeping Trump honest during those debates. You know, and and really like fact checking in real time, pushing back against the rampant pseudo scientific claims that he was making. There are so many people out there fighting the good fight, but I couldn't come up with a single person this year who's here like heroism other than you, Steve. Like honestly rises to a matching level of the jackassery that we saw this year. And that worries me.
S: That's interesting that you say that. I'll, I'll give you my opinion when you come in. It gets to be my turn. Yeah.
B: Well, then in that case, Kerry, you got to do what I did. You got to broaden your definitions. A. Little bit my my. Skeptical hero Is the Pentagon OK because of what they did? March 2024 the all domain Anomaly Resolution office AARO released their UAP slash UFO report. Their report was the biggest in scope and most thorough report of its kind. As far as I can tell, their conclusion was this. Today, AARO has not discovered any empirical evidence that any sighting of a UAP represented off world technology or the existence, the existence of classified program that has not been properly reported to Congress. Their scope was 1945 to 2023 and including classified information there was no credible, not one report was credible or of course it was no physical evidence. It was a it was a great report. Of course not many people heard about it or cared about it and it did. It did not even one wit to, to change the true believers, of course, because that's the way that's what they do. Evidence is meaningless. But still, I was really fascinated reading that report and reading the reporting about it. They really did a fantastic job. But they mean they went to classified documentation that nothing was sacrosanct that they that they that they couldn't add to their to their report. And of course they found nothing because there's nothing in there. We all know there's there's nothing to it, but still they did, they did a great job regardless if it really didn't have much of A of an effect of an impact, because how much impact do we even have? I mean, come on.
E: Yeah. Well, that dubs. Dovetails Bob with my choice for someone who's a hero of the year and not because he did something this past year. I think it needs to be recognized, frankly, for his body of work over say the last maybe 6-7 years that he's been in this game. Now Mick W who is there at the ready at the call. He is our go to person in our community and frankly, you know, for everybody when it comes to understanding what these UA PS could possibly be. And he explains it so beautifully through his series of videos and, and all the other explanations that he gives. I am so surprised he's not part and has not been asked to be a part of these investigations, congressional and otherwise, involving this because his insights and his ability to really give good explanations as to what people are actually seeing, it goes beyond anything else anyone is doing in this particular field right now. He needs to be acknowledged. And for those of you who are the old school skeptics, he is our modern day Philip class and we're very, very appreciative that he's doing and continues to do this work because it's going to get more important as these sightings and things increase over time.
US#07: Yeah. And I think let me double on that with Mick W. The patrons definitely think that Mick W is one of the skeptical heroes. Let me run through maybe the list of what they think real quick. Michael Mann, a bunch of the people that we also interviewed, Paul Offit, Doctor Brian Cox, Doctor Mike, which I think they said either of them, Doctor Mike, probably Varshevsky and Doctor Mike Isratel. They're pretty cool science communicators on the Youtubes. Hank Green, if you guys are old time YouTube heads, Hank Green, the Green boys are actually pretty cool. Also coffee Zilla who pushes back a lot on like crypto stuff is pretty neat to check out. But I I have to agree with Kara's point is like I couldn't think of a skeptical hero either that matches the jackassery that is out there. So I kind of picked and it's a little pandery, but I'm thinking like the skeptical listeners and critical thinkers out there who are still like in the fight to me promote, you know, science or critical thinking or humanism or fighting for the good, greater good or whatever. They they seem to at least it could have easily fallen into where they're just like, forget it. We lost, you know, it's like it's too much depression has depressing things have happened and we can't go on, but that they're still here and listening and also pushing forward is that thank you for still being a critical thinker because we.
C: Need.
US#07: You guys probably for the next 4 to 40 years, we'll see.
C: Yeah, everybody at Thanksgiving dinner table sane. Yeah, we appreciate.
US#07: That the one cousin? Yeah, keeping his name.
S: All right, well, next time I'm going first because you guys stole a lot of my Thunder. But this I, this is my, this is my honest pick. This is my honest pick. I'm not just reacting to what you guys said. Seriously. So I have 3 layers right of of my sceptical hero of the year because I agree there was, there wasn't any one person who I thought deserved more of a mention than any other person. So first, I want to recognize my fellow rogues, you know, for again, for standing by my side for 20 years, working really hard, tirelessly, never saying no, right? You guys just do whatever, whatever we want, we do it, you know what I mean? And like I said, this is this is our lives. So this is what we're doing. You know, this is what we have chosen to spend a lot of our time doing is just making the world a slightly more skeptical place beyond you, all of our fellow skeptical activists, people again, who have not, they're not just skeptics. They're like, this is what I'm doing. I am going to start a podcast, start a blog, get out there, try to educate myself, try to communicate this, try to be, you know, advocate for science, skepticism, critical thinking, maybe in a narrow area that they're an expert in, maybe in general or, and that includes you, Ian and everybody who's just lending their skills to this whole effort of promoting. And then beyond that, of course, as Ian said, is all of our listeners. Listeners, it's the community because again, we're nothing without our community that that's literally true. We, again, we'd be talking to ourselves. And so I think we do have to recognize that we are a community, all of us, and even though we are all flawed, we all make mistakes, We disagree sometimes even on important subjects. We agree on one big, huge thing, and that is the importance of science and reasoning and reason in our world and that it's worth fighting for. We are all on the same side, I think, in the biggest fight of our civilization right now, which is the fight for enlightenment and science and reason over, you know, emotions and hatred and partisanship and tribalism and all the things that are trying to drag us back down.
E: It's the candle in the dark. It's Carl Sagan, absolutely. It is absolutely.
S: That absolutely everyone so this is to really to everyone who is standing up for that candle in the darkness. Yeah. All right, you're here now we're talking about the skeptical Jackass up here. I'm gonna go 1st and.
US#07: Speaking of the darkness, no, we should just all say it at once. We know that there's one. I know I'm going first.
S: RSK Junior. I have to come on. I have to be the one to say it. He is the skeptical Jackass of the year. He embodies everything that we warn against. He is a crank. He is a pseudo scientist, he's a conspiracy theorist and he is tireless at promoting this nonsense. I think because the guy has a massive ego. He has absolutely no humility. He's not a scientist, he's not a doctor, he's not a clinician, he's not a topic expertise. He thinks he knows better than everybody freaking else. And he was also willing to sell out any of his principles so he can get a pin up into a position to promote his pseudoscience.
B: And by the way. Steve, everything you just said describes Trump everything.
S: I agree. I agree with that, Bob, as we said that, you know, that's but RFK junior is as David Gorsky said, David Gorsky who runs science based medicine. Again, one of these warriors just quietly, you know, just working every day. The guy's father died this week and he's like Steve, I'm not sure I can get a post out on money. I'm like, David, take off as long as you need. He's like worried about getting a post out. He's been just in the ICU holding his father's hands for for a week and then he passed away. He's just such a tireless warrior. And he wrote about RFK that he is an extinction level event for science based medicine in the United States at the federal level. Absolutely true. I hate to sound like an alarmist, you know, but you know, that's like, that's sort of the trolling thing that puts us into this no win scenario where things are so extreme, if you accurately describe them, you sound like you're you're an alarmist. But like, no, but that's actually really true. Like the worst possible person I literally can imagine in the world might be put in charge of healthcare of the United States. It's crazy.
C: That's the scary part, right, is that he existed before this year and he actually did a lot of damage. Absolutely no weaponized. Track record, yeah, but this is the year that Trump who you can't separate the two of. Them. Yeah, of course. Is working to embolden and empower RFK to to be unleashed on all of us. That's what's so scary. I don't, you know, it can't be Trump every year. So it has to be RFK. But like, there is no RFK at this level without Trump. Yeah, that's the scary part.
US#07: Yeah, some person, he had like a pretty impactful career early on where he actually did some good. Yeah, he was an environmental lawyer, that.
S: Totally, Yeah. Yeah, initially, if you just kept up with that, that would have been fine, yeah. Stick with you. But he just, he's such an ideologue. I just wrote about and tell you on science based medicine because of it was that TikTok video that we reviewed a couple weeks ago where he's like, what's the cause of the obesity epidemic? It's poison in our food. No, it isn't poison in our food. It's not GMO's. He thinks it's GMO's. He just says things that are demonstrably scientifically wrong. He doesn't care about the facts and the science. He has a narrative and he is doubling, tripling down on that narrative and that's all that matters. Everything's a toxin. Everything. Everything's a conspiracy. It's just like, it's like, but there's the evidence. He doesn't care. It's just utter nonsense. It's so infuriating that anybody would look at him and think of anything that he is anything other than the absolute crank that he is.
C: Well, and that's I think the scariest part with men like RFK, possibly to some extent like Trump, definitely like Elon, you know, they're my trifecta of the skeptical jackasses of the three headed snake is that there is something in at least Musk and RFK that felt moral and that felt just early on that built them a very large following. And then that decline and that shift into this authoritarian, and, I don't know, this movement away from environmental values because really both of them, Yeah, that's what people thought they had.
S: One of the things I really liked about Musk was that he was like all in on through on solving global warming. He was going to use his billions to build electric cars and build batteries. You know what I mean? Build solar panels. And for, you know, specifically for global warming, I was like, maybe it's not going to be that bad. Maybe people are are being overly worried about global warming really huge. So you compromise. Like the one thing I really admired.
C: Yeah. And I mean, with with him, he did start to show those kind of megalomaniacal tendencies early on. I'm nervous about RFK because I think that's probably coming down the pipe.
S: I think it comes down to what we said the I think all three of those men have a fatal lack of humility, absolute lack of humility. And that is a massive problem. It's a massive.
C: Absolutely, absolutely. A feeling like you know what is best for humanity based on your experience and perspective of the world, and got no interest in making that more global, in broadening that perspective and asking for the opinions of other people from other places.
S: Or patience for a process. It's all about the process.
C: Frightening. It's so frightening.
S: All right. I mean, I don't does anybody else have any honorable mentions or I think that pretty? Much.
US#07: No, I think that was pretty much it. We can look at what people said from. OK, what? Who else? They have, I mean, it really is basically the three people that we said let me see if I can even find anybody. Any honourable mentions for says? I don't know. IDK, yeah, it's like pretty much like any cabinet picks also is included into that. Hey, Marjorie Taylor Green got a shout out, so there's one for her. Anyone She's I mean, she's just silly at this point. It's just really, yeah, it's like it's RFK all the way down and Elon and Trump. So.
E: Mm Hmm.
US#07: OK. Mike Tyson apparently got AI. Don't know what he did. I mean, he fought Jake Paul, I guess that's yeah. I mean, whatever he did kind of throw, you know, one of his record, but whatever, whatever.
E: That's a whole other.
US#07: Get the money, whatever.
C: He did, yeah. That Kennedy fella, that. Kennedy fella, that's pretty funny.
S: All right, let's move on to In Memoriam. This is just to, you know, to remember, recognize some of the people that we care about that we lost throughout the year. There was really one prominent skeptic who died this year. Sorry if I'm missing anybody, please e-mail us and we'll we'll add them in later. But, you know, we talked about Mark Edward, a friend of ours who, you know, again, was a was a good, you know, activist, skeptic, magician, author, did a lot of work, you know, to promote science and critical thinking. And we did lose him this year, unfortunately. Mark was a good guy. There's some non scientists that I want to mention that I that had a prominent role just culturally. James Earl Jones, the voice of Darth.
B: Vader died. Yeah, God damn it.
S: Terry Garr Yeah. So if you were basically, if you were on Star Trek or Star Wars, you're going to get mentioned if you die. And Maggie Smith. So this is the trifecta she was in.
E: Maggie Smith.
S: Harry Potter, now, she was a great actress, loved her character, but yeah, she was amazing, yeah.
E: My gosh, her career was immense.
S: Phil Donahue, I want to mention because we mentioned culturally important people from a skeptical point of view, as well as science fiction, Phil Donahue really began the descent of daytime television into the death spiral of infotainment. You know, I don't know that he was literally the first earnest, but he was, I think, the most important, you know, person in the 1980. Yeah, had a huge impact on the direction of media. And he was, of course, eclipsed by later, even worse examples.
E: Yeah, I suppose there would be no Jerry Springer if. Jerry Springer. Or Morton Downey. Morton Downey. Oh my.
S: God, Morton Downey.
C: Or would it have happened anyway?
E: Yeah, hard to know.
C: Hard to know.
E: But but Donahue was a. Trailblazer. In the medium, there's.
C: Always going to be a first.
S: But again, that's like saying, yeah, the science would have been discovered anyway, but we're still going to recognize the person who actually made the discovery, you know?
E: Maury Povich too.
S: You guys remember Ruth Westheimer?
E: Yeah. Doctor Ruth. Doctor Ruth, she was I. Met her once. Oh really 6?
S: She was, wasn't she like a sex therapist? She was a sex.
E: Therapist. Yes.
S: So she was an early science communicator, you know, somebody communicating in her area of expertise and making it acceptable to talk about sex therapy on television on just.
E: Even more taboo than it still is. And it's. Definitely trailblazing there, no doubt about it.
S: Do you guys know who George Joseph Kresge Junior was? No, Goes by a stage name. Give you a hint.
B: George Jacob Jingleheimer.
S: Schnop Kresge went as the amazing Kreskin. Oh wow, yes. He was the mentalist I saw him in, I saw him his act live, and he was one of the mentalists that pretended to be actually psychic, right? You know, which I did not like about about his style, but he was probably the most famous of that crop of skeptic, you know, really had a little bit before I think our time, but you know, but he was huge, absolutely.
E: He was his age, Steve. How?
S: Old he was really old I.
E: Mean he had to be. Well, in his. 90s yeah, I think he was in his 90s eight oh wow.
S: And then some some scientists that I'd love to like to mention. So do you guys know who Peter Higgs? Yeah, Higgs boson babies. Boson noble winning physicists, yeah, famously predicted the.
B: God particle, if you will, if you.
C: Will the goddamn particle.
B: Goddamn particle goddamn elusive, that's why.
S: A few other ones that that caught my attention that I want to mention. You guys could add anybody if you have anyone on your own list. Ed Stone, Headstone anyone? Director, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Yeah. William Anders. This is really obscure. If anybody knows this Anders. William Anders, he's an astronaut took perhaps the most famous photograph of any astronaut of the Earth from the moon. Earthrise.
Skeptical Quote of the Week (1:15:07)[edit]
“For last year’s words belong to last year’s language and next year’s words await another voice. And to make an end is to make a beginning.”
– ― T.S. Eliot, (description of author)
S: He took the quote UN quote, earthrise photo. Yeah. That really was became central to NASA's promoting like the whole Apollo moon mission. This is before Apollo 11, you know.
US#07: Yeah, but Steve, how come there's no stars or sun?
S: In that photo, you can't be started. Philip Zimbardo Nope, don't know that ran the Stanford Prison experiment, which is. Oh yeah. Comic psychological experiment. Geez. Maxine Singer, geneticist who shaped the rules for genetic engineering. Warren Washington, climate scientist who was like the real trailblazer in making climate models, like predicting the future of climate through climate modeling. He was also one of the first African American climate scientists, so he's a trailblazer in that respect as well. So those are the ones that caught my eye. I don't know if there's anyone any of you guys have any on your list other than that to mention of it, or if this was even on the list of people of information for our listeners to get AV in.
B: I got a few here. You mentioned Star Wars, Steve, so so you I'm a little surprised you missed, I mean, not Star Wars proper, but Carl Weathers.
S: Oh yeah, Carl Weathers.
B: Oh my God, Carl Weathers, we lost him that that hurt. Donald Sutherland and Tony Todd, Klingon and zombie fighter and Tony Todd is great and yeah, horror, yeah.
E: Horror movie.
B: Genre Candyman. So.
E: Don't say it three times.
US#07: Oh God that movie scared me. Can't think of it really.
S: All right, guys, you know what time it is. Yes, let's do it.
E: Let's do it.
S: Let's go on with our final science or fiction of the year.
E: It's time for science or.
S: Each week I come up with three Science News items or facts, 2 wheel and one fake, and then I challenge my panel of skeptics tell me which one is the fake. Before we get to the final science or fiction of the year, we're going to go over some science or fiction stats. So Cody Wolf was kind enough to send us in the the science or fiction stats for the year, and here they are. We're going to go right to just the rogue's record O. At the bottom of the list was J at 55% correct.
E: Now 55%'s the floor. That's pretty darn. Good. That's pretty good.
S: I am taking it too easy on you guys. Is what that?
E: Means I, I think. That's a crap. I think that's your take away here.
C: Maybe we've gotten better.
S: Why I have to get harder as you get better. That's what I'm.
E: Saying or you have to increase it to one out of four.
S: Maybe that's more work for me now, so probably not.
C: Yeah, probably not.
S: Next is Bob at 59.57%. So we could we could round that up to 60% for Bob.
E: Yeah, you better round that up. That's a D minus. Five.
S: And then Evan at 63%.
E: Oh my gosh, I don't. Know.
S: And then Kara, I think you had your best year ever. 76% for Kara.
E: Oh, Kara. Kara has unlocked this, Yeah. You did so fine. Kara was ridiculous. It was uncanny. On the cheat, you have the cheat. Mind melding.
S: The number of times you were right for the wrong reason. Are you like. I don't know. I don't know. I watch, right?
E: Yeah. You're like the. Second one.
S: Why did you tell? Instincts are so good. It's crazy.
E: One with the the one with the dinosaur fiction.
S: I haven't cracked you yet, Kara. I've cracked Bob. Bob's easy. I just, if it, if it's surprising to me, it'll be surprising to Bob, Yeah.
C: It's very I do have that advantage, right, of being the person who has spent the least amount of time with you.
B: Yeah, yeah.
E: Yes, you don't. Have he's cracked me, you bastard.
B: I should. I should just Costanza it. That's what I got to do at this point.
C: I want to compare our records to previous records, see if we're getting better, worse, if it kind of ebbs and flows.
E: It sounds like.
S: We're this is definitely the best year. Yeah, you guys have so sola winds. Kara had three solo wins, Evan you had one solo win, and Andrea and George each had one solo.
C: That's awesome.
S: Yeah.
C: Oh their their records are probably way better than ours.
S: Yeah, but they, you know, they.
C: 100% or something.
S: They only have a the only one a few times. I've had three sweeps, swept you guys three times, you guys have swept me 8 times so. You guys have? Swept me more than I have swept you. OK, but we have one more to add to the statistics.
US#05: Why do? You carry Cara has the most to lose percent statistically.
S: She complaints and then she gets it right.
US#05: She'll be. Going to drop to 73% if you get this wrong.
S: The theme is the Science News of 2024, but these are not items that I've done previously. These are just three items that we never talked about this year. OK. Ian, have you played this? Your first one for this year?
US#07: Yeah, 'cause I'm usually only on.
S: Once a year so and I had no I have 0 out of 0 because I didn't skip any. I know I didn't skip any weeks this year.
US#07: That's right.
E: We'll have to fix that for 2025 get.
S: Young You guys should at least do like one guest. Science of Fiction a. Year.
E: We used to do that with the live shows. Yeah, we don't. Do that. Yeah. All right, Revisit that all. Right.
S: We'll think about that for next year. All right, here they are. Item number one. Scientists have discovered the first eukaryote that can directly fix nitrogen from the air with an organelle called a nitroplast. Item #2A study found a significantly increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease among taxi and ambulance drivers, providing a possible clue to an important risk factor associated with driving. And Ari #3, despite the fact that the surrounding stones of Stonehenge came from Wales, researchers found that the six metric tons central altar stone came from Scotland, at least 750 kilometers away. We are going to do reverse order. So, Kara, you're going to go first.
C: OK, got to get through these. So first, eukaryote that can directly fix nitrogen from the air with an organelle called a nitroplast. I think the way that reads implies that prokaryotes have already been doing this, and if prokaryotes can do it, a eukaryote could do it because a eukaryote could have endosymbiosis. So yeah, I could see there being 1 Organism out there that engulfed a prokaryote at some point and incorporated that. That doesn't bother me. A significantly increased risk of developing Alzheimer's among taxi and ambulance drivers. A possible clue to an important risk factor associated with driving. I don't get that one at all. What the what would driving, if anything, it should be like protective people who are mapping the city all the time with their minds or I don't know, or people who are just working older and, you know, then you have that the opposite of what's it called? The what's the bias called? The attrition bias, like the death bias.
S: Survivor bias.
C: Yeah, Survivor. God, why couldn't I come up with that word? I said I was tired. It's been a long year. Kurt Yeah, it's been a very long year. And despite the fact that the surrounding stones of Stonehedge came from Wales, they found that the central altar stone came from Scotland. I buy it. I don't know, There's a lot of cool old stuff happening then in that part of the world. Maybe it had special significance. Maybe it was important to bring. I mean, it wasn't just like a random stone, right? It was the central altar stone. So yeah, that one seems more reasonable. The Alzheimer's 1, I do not get why would driving unless it was like, they think it's because of smog or something. But everybody drive. I bet you there are commuters that drive just as much as ambulance drivers. So yeah, I'm going to call BS. That one feels like the fiction.
E: OK, Evan. I agree, as soon as I heard this one I have no idea why would there be an association between Alzheimer's disease and driving at all? I look, I don't claim to know anything about this disease or neurology, but it just does not make any sense to me. Whereas, as Kara said, the other two have some features each in them that you know, seem unusual but reasonable. As whereas this Alzheimer's 1 is totally unreasonable, I have to go with Cara and say that's fiction.
B: OK, Bob. Yeah, it's hard to to disagree with these guys. Did you carry out fixing nitrogen? That's just too cool to be false. And let's see the Stonehenge one. Yeah, I mean, 750 kilometers, that's far. But it just, you know, it just doesn't seem to be as unbelievable as this Alzheimer's 1. So let's join the crew and say that that's fiction as well.
J: OK, Jay all. Right. I'm going to. I'm going to take the first one because nobody picked it.
US#07: Oh.
J: The Nitroplast one contrast, Yes, All righty and Ian.
US#07: Well, the first one I I recognize that their phonemes all put together in a unique order. I have no idea what any of that means, so thankfully I listened to what all you said. OK, cool, that seems sciency. The second one I was didn't didn't Steve say something about Alzheimer's is like if you touch and brain matter, it's a good.
E: Yes, absolutely.
US#07: So I was like, what are they doing in that while they're driving? What are they snacking on? But it does after, you know, is it because of the driving? That does seem weird. And then despite the fact that the whole Stonehenge thing, it's like really, you're not just going to take a stone from where you got it. You got to go somewhere else and get a whole nother stone. Seems like a lot of work, but I guess there's not much to do back in the day. So why not take a trip to Scotland or just whales for the other stones and then just Scotland for that one? I guess the driving one does makes the least amount of sense. Like it is that a good brain training activity? Maybe we don't have to sign up for all those websites. You just drive around the city all day. So I'll say that's fiction.
S: OK, so you all agree with the third one, so we'll start there. Despite the fact that surrounding stones of Stonehenge came from Wales, researchers found that the six metric tons central altar stone came from Scotland, at least 750 kilometers away. You guys all think this one is science and this one is science. This is science. So yeah, I came from the Arcadian Basin in Scotland all the way to southern England, where Stonehenge is. Yeah, like that. Dragging A6 metric ton stone 750 kilometers thousands of years ago was no.
US#07: They didn't have nice local stones or something like, you know, artisanal stones in that area.
U: Like what?
S: So the, the researchers, they they were able to match like the grain of the stone to that specific warrior location. And then they also examined other possible sources of that same type of stone and found that they didn't match. So they didn't just test their hypothesis, they actually tried to disprove it, which is good. They they looked at other things. And, and so, yeah, that's, you know, again, nothing's 100%, but that matches best with the the location in Scotland. They also think that the, you know, Stonehenge wasn't built all at once. This was probably a later revision of Stonehenge, right? So with the same people who dragged in the bluestone from Wales were not the same people who got this stone from Scotland. So that makes sense. This sort of late. Oh yeah, let's put a big thing in here. Get this Mystic stone from Scotland or whatever. Whatever reason they thought that that was stone was special enough to drag 750 kilometers, they did it I.
US#07: Want to know the people who organized the party to be like, let's go get a stone? Like, oh.
S: I saw this really pretty stone. It's a little far away.
US#07: It's pretty heavy. Just keep going, we'll be good.
E: OK, we have oxen and slaves to. Drag it around.
S: They probably did a lot of the made-up a lot of the distance at sea, though. They probably transported a big chunk of it by sea. But still, it's a lot of land you got to cross, you know, at either end.
E: I think.
S: Floats, but the exact methods are not known that they use. So clearly aliens did it, yeah.
E: Piloted by Bigfoot.
S: Piloted by Bigfoot, Yeah. All right, we'll go backwards. A study found a significantly increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease among taxi and ambulance drivers, providing a possible clue to an important risk factor associated with driving. Bob, Kara, Evan and Ian think this one is the fiction. Jay, you think this one is science so interestingly. Right. It's just a risk factor associated with driving. It doesn't have to be driving itself. It yeah, that's why I said maybe pollution, but. Could be, but it or it might be something even less direct just if could be sitting for all that time. It could be other behaviors that they engage in because they're driving that many hours, you know, basically for their job. I'm. Telling you it. Could be the brain chips that they get at the. Yeah. So this one is the fiction because Kara is exactly right. It was protective. And they think it's because of all the spatial reasoning they have to do. That. It is a brain game that they're playing every day. And then again, they don't know for sure, but they're they look where.
C: Did they do the study? Do you know was it like global or?
S: I do know.
C: I ask because every time I've been in New York, the taxi drivers and you know, pre Uber, whatever, things got weird with Uber. But when I, when I moved to New York and I lived there, the taxi drivers blew my mind with how they knew how to get everywhere. But when I moved to Lai ordered a taxi to the airport, and the taxi driver had to put it in his GPS because he didn't know how to get to the airport. And this was disconcerting to me. Yeah, this is worrisome to say the least.
S: So this was done by researchers at Mass General and Boston. They looked at 443 professions and these were the two that popped out as having a protective effect.
C: Interesting SO.
US#07: What if you play a racing game or I guess a taxi driving game? Simulator. Chat simulator. Would that work?
S: If you did it every day for 8:00.
US#07: Every day, 8 hours a day. Well, streamer. Some streamer, Probably true.
C: But if you think about it, most driving games are more about the skill in like dodging obstacles or going really fast than they are in going to a place over and over and learning where it is. I wonder of. The.
S: Of the 443 professions that looked at was podcaster among them? I don't have to dig into the data a little bit. This means that scientists have discovered the first eukaryote that directly fixed nitrogen from the air with an organelle called the nitroplast. Is science cause again, care is correct that nitroplast is an endosymbiant prokaryote. And the study was basically asking the and they knew this, but the the if it's a symbiant then they the eukaryote doesn't get credit for it, right? It's just in a symbiotic relationship with a prokaryote that's doing it. But if it's a organelle, the eukaryote does get credit for it. So the question was, has this prokaryotic symbiote Co evolved enough with its right, its symbiant, which was a marine algae that it's now considered 1 Organism. And they said yes, it's one Organism that is an organelle, not a symbiant. It is. And they called it a nitroplast, making that algae the first eukaryote to be able to fix nitrogen directly.
B: Yeah, from. The this was huge and I I assume nobody remembered that I actually talked about I did a news item, my news item in May I, I.
E: Yes, I as I was doing my research. This ring. Familiar.
B: I'm glad. I'm glad one person remembered.
S: Yeah, that was.
E: Cool.
S: That was a cool item. So we'll adjust those stats. I'm not going to do the math right now, but good job everyone. I'm hoping it got me right to 60 there.
E: You go.
B: That was damn close.
S: Evan, give us a quote.
E: For last year's words belong to last year's language, and next year's words await another voice. And to make an end is to make a beginning. TS Eliot. Poet.
S: Very poetic, Very poetic.
E: Yeah, for the end of the year, it's not exactly science related, but that's OK. It's it's my way of wishing everyone a good end of the year and a happy holidays. And we're so looking forward to 2025. I hope it gets better.
S: I tend to prefer even numbered years over odd numbered years, but I make an exception for years ending with five. They're OK because they're divisible into 10. So 2025, it's quarter of a century. Quarter of the 20th century is gone, depending on how you count.
E: Oh. My God, stop. Oh.
S: It is weird, right? 2025, It's like it's the future. It's like it's crazy.
US#07: We're living in the 20s, I know.
B: A little bit more dystopian than I ever. Yeah.
S: When you think about 20 years ago, like we're in 2025, we will celebrate completing our 20th year and this is our 20th year end review and think about when we started and then a imagining the future we imagine like if we I would love to go back and interview ourselves from 2005 about what we thought 2025 would be like and I bet you we would get it horribly wrong. Oh.
C: Yeah, we would sound like.
S: Oh, yes, yeah.
C: Like absolute idiot.
S: And I think me back then would be so much more positive about what what reality actually is. Like the social media thing is going to be awesome. That's right. Nanotech everywhere. We can all be driving hydrogen fuel cell cars.
E: Maybe there'll be an iPhone someday, yeah?
C: I was one year out of undergrad in 2005.
E: Wow.
C: I would. I was a completely different person. Wow.
S: I wonder what we would have said. Like, do you think you'll still be podcasting in 20 years? I don't know what I would have said back then if we didn't know what podcasting was going to do.
E: Survive, right? The whole medium was just so.
S: New, I probably would have said something in the long lines of I know I'll be still promoting skepticism. I don't know what form that will be taking right?
US#07: And that's true, TikTok star.
E: Yes. And I think we can say that was with some confidence because for 10 years prior to that we had been running the local organization. So we, you know, we, we had some a little bit of momentum behind us in that regard. So you're right, Steve, we would be doing something if not a. Podcast.
B: But I also think that I also think that if you say if, if you someone told us that all you guys are still going to be doing this in 2025, I think we would all conclude that, oh, then we must be rich. Oh boy, we got that wrong.
S: I'm a quadrillionaire. But it has been an awesome ride. Like, I mean, yeah.
E: Oh my God, yeah, I love.
S: Working with all you guys, this is always like one of my favorite things to do. All week I was looking.
E: Forward to what adventure? Fun.
S: It's been a massive adventure. We've met a ton of awesome people. God, that's true. You know, I'm I'm, I'm you're.
E: Right at the top of the people we've met, you are at the top. Of absolutely. In all, in all sincerity, it's, it's been, it's been such a great honour to work with you in this capacity. You have to know this.
C: You know what one of the perks is of being the person who kind of came halfway through the journey. What is it that I get to get that kind of flattery all the time? I get to be both somebody you met along the way and a core part of the team, Which? Yeah, right. Yeah. Thank you for that.
S: That's so bad. I already knew Evan before the whole skeptical.
C: Exactly. No, it's true.
E: It's true.
S: But Ian, we count you on that too. I mean, I remember, Oh my God, when Jay goes, seriously, I know Ian's the humble guy. He does not like any attention paid to him, blah, blah, blah. But picture it was like, like, oh, damn, we need like, we need a programmer to help us, like tweak the website or whatever. And just like, oh, there's this guy who like, he lives in Connecticut emailing, like he lives in Connecticut and he, you know, it's like, oh, he's in Connecticut. Oh, good enough. He's close.
US#07: Yeah, that's right.
S: That, that, that's gonna be the.
US#07: Name. Nope. Does he know Microsoft Word? Yeah, who cares?
S: Ian knocked on my door one day, you know what I mean? Like that was it. Hey, what's up man? But what a find. Seriously, you have been such a huge boon to everything that we do. I mean, you have a massive skill set and just been, it's been fantastic working with you. So that was just really, really lucky on our part that we were able to bring bring you into our.
J: Circle. Ian, I don't know if you would say this about me, but I'll say this about you. Good start. All the years that we've been working together, you and I have not had one second of tension or stress between us.
US#07: Yeah, no, I don't think so. Right, because the I've been enough with family. Why am I going to do it here?
J: I know, but it's. Pretty remarkable because like we, you and I work very well together. We have, I think our personalities like, you know, we just don't have any conflict. Like it's just happy, fun, interesting. You know, we're very goal oriented and you're just one of the few people in my life that is zero stress.
US#07: Yeah, but where are those forty 80s, Jay, that you said you were going to? Order.
J: I know the God damn graphic.
US#07: Graphic guys before, yeah, we're still recording guys like, yeah, I'm sorry. Anyway, well, if you want to see this camaraderie live, where could you see it in the 21st year of our SPU at the Nauticon?
J: Is Nauticon 2020.
S: Five, the next thing that's happened, 16th and 17th.
US#07: That's right, May in Glory Marius, White Plains, NY.
E: But that is our official, that really is our official 20 year celebration. That's true. I'm sure we're going to roll that into the entire week.
S: And something interesting is going to happen for the SGU in 2025, which we cannot talk about at the moment, but at some point soon we'll be able to talk about it. But it'll be good and interesting. So stay tuned. And then, you know, we always like to just look back, not just look back at the SGU over the previous year, but think going forward, do we want to do anything different? We want to mix things up. You know, there's this, the sky. Scrappy do I thought we should bring on the shows.
E: Or Oliver.
S: Oliver Yeah. Brady Bunch, baby.
B: That worked.
S: Well, we're going to do this special where Cara's water skis over a shark cage. Oh my God, jump the shark.
E: Somebody said we jumped the shark about 12 years ago. Remember that guy?
S: 15 years ago. Screw that, it's.
E: Just the same person who doesn't like puns.
C: Or massages. Or chocolate.
E: Or or Olive Garden and. A.
S: Bunch of well, but Sir, it is a good time. It's a good milestone where you say, all right, is there anything there, anything we want to do differently to shake things up or what's working, maybe what could be improved? Send us your feedback. This is a good, this is a good time. You know, when I delete any segments to add any segments. We are still pursuing the SGU correspondent idea. We did get some great submissions.
US#07: We're just.
S: We're just collating them at this point in time. We want to give people enough time to, to, to, to send them in, but hopefully we will start incorporating that in in 2025. All right, thanks again, guys for a wonderful year and continuing to engage. Go on this little adventure with me. It's, it's been a blast. Looking forward to looking forward to another year of science and skepticism. Thanks to every one of our listeners out there, everyone who's ever come to a live show to see us, everyone who supports. So it's as a patron. Thank you so much to the patron. You guys really, really make all this possible. Honestly, we don't tell you enough how much we appreciate your support. And thank you guys for joining me again this week.
B: Thanks, Steve. Thanks, Ben. Steve Pleasure.
S: Happy holidays everybody, happy. Yes, happy.
B: Happy.
S: Happy Festivus, all that stuff.
B: Saturnalia, you know.
S: And until next week and next year.
E: I knew that was.
S: This is your Skeptics Guide to the Universe.
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