SGU Episode 880: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction, "Blood Moon", Door on Mars ==
== Intro, "Blood Moon", Eclipse 2024, Door on Mars ==
''Voice-over: You're listening to the Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, your escape to reality.''<!--  
''Voice-over: You're listening to the Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, your escape to reality.''<!--  


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'''E:''' Good evening folks! ''(applause)''-->  
'''E:''' Good evening folks! ''(applause)''-->  
'''S:''' ... Did you guys see the [https://www.space.com/mars-door-rock-curiosity-rover-photo door on Mars?]<ref>https://www.space.com/mars-door-rock-curiosity-rover-photo Space.com: 'Dog door' on Mars found by Curiosity rover is a rocky 'doorway into the ancient past,' NASA says</ref>


== Arizona Announcements <small>(6:33)</small> ==
== Arizona Announcements <small>(6:33)</small> ==
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''(applause)''
''(applause)''
[inaudible]
[inaudible]
'''S:''' ... All right, guys, let's go on with our news items.


=== Health Benefits of Clean Energy <small>(8:42)</small> ===
=== Health Benefits of Clean Energy <small>(8:42)</small> ===
* [link_URL TITLE]<ref>[url_from_news_item_show_notes PUBLICATION: TITLE]</ref>
* [https://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/health-benefits-of-clean-energy/ Health Benefits of Clean Energy]<ref>[https://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/health-benefits-of-clean-energy/ Neurologica: Health Benefits of Clean Energy]</ref>
   
   
=== SIDS Study Hype <small>()</small> ===
=== SIDS Study Hype <small>(24:04)</small> ===
* [link_URL TITLE]<ref>[url_from_news_item_show_notes PUBLICATION: TITLE]</ref>
* [https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/13/23071364/sids-research-hype-science-studies SIDS study shows the risks of science hype]<ref>[https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/13/23071364/sids-research-hype-science-studies The Verge: SIDS study shows the risks of science hype]</ref>


=== Growing Plants In Lunar Soil <small>()</small> ===
=== Growing Plants In Lunar Soil <small>(36:32)</small> ===
* [link_URL TITLE]<ref>[url_from_news_item_show_notes PUBLICATION: TITLE]</ref>
* [https://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/scientists-grow-plants-in-lunar-soil/ Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil]<ref>[https://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/scientists-grow-plants-in-lunar-soil/ Neurologica: Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil]</ref>


=== Milky Way Black Hole <small>()</small> ===
=== Milky Way Black Hole <small>(48:01)</small> ===
* [link_URL TITLE]<ref>[url_from_news_item_show_notes PUBLICATION: TITLE]</ref>
* [https://eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy Astronomers Reveal First Image of the Black Hole at the Heart of Our Galaxy]<ref>[https://eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy Event Horizon Telescope: Astronomers Reveal First Image of the Black Hole at the Heart of Our Galaxy]</ref>


=== Gullible Acupuncture Article <small>()</small> ===
=== Gullible Acupuncture Article <small>(55:23)</small> ===
* [link_URL TITLE]<ref>[url_from_news_item_show_notes PUBLICATION: TITLE]</ref>
* [https://time.com/6171247/acupuncture-health-benefits-research/ Why Acupuncture Is Going Mainstream in Medicine]<ref>[https://time.com/6171247/acupuncture-health-benefits-research/ Time: Why Acupuncture Is Going Mainstream in Medicine]</ref>


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== Who's That Noisy? <small>(1:06:06)</small> ==
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=== New Noisy <small>(1:10:25)</small> ===
[_short_vague_description_of_Noisy]
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== Announcements <small>()</small> ==
'''J:''' ... So if you think you know {{wtnAnswer|NNNN|what this week's Noisy is}} or if you heard something cool, you have to email that to me at WTN@theskepticsguide.org.


{{anchor|followup}}
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== Questions/Emails/Corrections/Follow-ups <small>()</small> ==
== Questions/Emails/Corrections/Follow-ups ==
 
=== Email #1: Language and AI <small>(1:12:48)</small> ===


<blockquote><p style="line-height:115%"> _consider_using_block_quotes_for_emails_read_aloud_in_this_segment_<br> with_reduced_spacing_for_long_chunks –</p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p style="line-height:115%"> I'm a new listener to the podcast, and I appreciate the time and hard work you've put in creating this content and doing research. Currently, I work for an AI company that helps the largest companies (the Googles, Facebooks, Amazons of the world) create and deploy their machine learning solutions. It is a groundbreaking industry, which I think you know well enough and highlight on your show. One thing that I specifically appreciated was that you, unlike most other commentators, touched on the fact that there is prevalent bias in these large models. This brings me to my main point, which is that there was a [[SGU_Episode_879#AI_Artist_.2824:03.29|huge emphasis in the latest episode]] placed on the idea that DALL-E "understands" and "knows" things about the image and contexts within. This is actually a super dangerous idea to perpetuate. While GPT-2/3 is a different technology, I believe that the research outlined in Dr. Timnit Gebru's paper, "On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big", is relevant and can speak to the issue better than I ever could, specifically: "However, no actual language understanding is taking place in LM-driven approaches to these tasks, as can be shown by careful manipulation of the test data to remove spurious cues the systems are leveraging [21, 93]. Furthermore, as Bender and Koller [14] argue from a theoretical perspective, languages are systems of signs [37], i.e. pairings of form and meaning. But the training data for LMs is only form; they do not have access to meaning. Therefore, claims about model abilities must be carefully characterized.<br><br>I appreciate the consideration and hope that you will be able to find some free time at some point to review Dr. Gebru's paper who, if you are not familiar, was ousted from Google's AI ethics division for bringing up bias issues. [Here is] [https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3442188.3445922 her full paper.]<br><br>– Cheers, Noah</p></blockquote>


=== Email #1: Language and AI <small>()</small> ===


=== Email #2: Eating Raw Foods <small>()</small> ===  
<!-- the full email is provided above, but make sure to also transcribe the parts that Steve reads aloud. -->
 
=== Email #2: Eating Raw Foods <small>(1:18:01)</small> ===  
 
<blockquote>I recently came across this Instagram post of a person just eating raw foods for over a hundred days. Curious as to how much raw food is humanly acceptable to consume?<br>Cheers from Singapore too! <br><br>– Chuan Hao</blockquote>


{{anchor|theme}} <!-- leave this anchor directly above the corresponding section that follows -->
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== Science or Fiction <small>()</small> ==
== Science or Fiction <small>(1:21:23)</small> ==
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|theme = Which is bigger?


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|link1 = <ref>[url_from_SoF_show_notes PUBLICATION: TITLE]</ref> <!-- leave blank if absent -->
|link1 = <ref>[https://www.yahoo.com/now/gaming-market-size-worth-usd-113000927.html Yahoo: Gaming Market Size Worth USD $435 Billion By 2028]</ref>


|item2 = _item_text_from_show_notes_
|item2 = The largest adult tardigrades are larger than the smallest adult fleas.
|link2 = <ref>[url_from_SoF_show_notes PUBLICATION: TITLE]</ref> <!-- leave blank if absent -->
|link2 = <ref>[https://pestseek.com/how-big-are-fleas/ PestSeek.com: Can You See Fleas? How Big Are They?]</ref>


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|item3 = The largest known star in the Universe is UY Scuti, with a radius larger than the average distance of Pluto from the sun.
|link3 = <ref>[url_from_SoF_show_notes PUBLICATION: TITLE]</ref> <!-- leave blank if absent -->
|link3 = <ref>[https://www.universetoday.com/13507/what-is-the-biggest-star-in-the-universe/ Universe Today: What is the Biggest Star in the Universe?]</ref>


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|science1 =gaming > film
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|science2 =tardigrade > flea
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|answer2 =tardigrade > flea


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|rogue3 =Evan
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=== _Rogue_ Response ===
=== Cara's Response ===
 
=== Jay's Response ===


=== _Rogue_ Response ===
=== Evan's Response ===


=== _Rogue_ Response ===
=== Bob's Response ===


=== _Rogue_ Response ===
'''B:''' ... {{w|Ant-Man and the Wasp|the Ant-Man [movie]}}, remember when the older guy was shrinking down? ...


=== Steve Explains Item #_n_ ===
=== Steve Explains Item #1 ===


=== Steve Explains Item #_n_ ===
=== Steve Explains Item #2 ===


=== Steve Explains Item #_n_ ===
=== Steve Explains Item #3 ===


== Skeptical Quote of the Week <small>()</small> ==
== Skeptical Quote of the Week <small>(1:35:18)</small> ==
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<blockquote> This image is a testament to what we can accomplish, when as a global research community, we bring our brightest minds together to make the seemingly impossible, possible. Language, continents, and even the galaxy can't stand in the way of what humanity can accomplish when we come together for the greater good of all.<br>– {{w|Sethuraman Panchanathan}}, Director of the {{w|National Science Foundation}}<ref name=cnn/></blockquote>


== Signoff/Announcements <small>()</small> ==  
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Revision as of 04:33, 31 May 2022

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SGU Episode 880
May 21st 2022
880 Black Hole Milky Way.jpg
(brief caption for the episode icon)

SGU 879                      SGU 881

Skeptical Rogues
S: Steven Novella

B: Bob Novella

C: Cara Santa Maria

J: Jay Novella

E: Evan Bernstein

Quote of the Week

This image is a testament to what we can accomplish, when as a global research community, we bring our brightest minds together to make the seemingly impossible, possible. Language, continents, and even the galaxy can't stand in the way of what humanity can accomplish when we come together for the greater good of all.

Sethuraman Panchanathan, Director of the National Science Foundation[1]

Links
Download Podcast
Show Notes
Forum Discussion

Intro, "Blood Moon", Eclipse 2024, Door on Mars

Voice-over: You're listening to the Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, your escape to reality.

S: ... Did you guys see the door on Mars?[2]

Arizona Announcements (6:33)

News Items

S:

B:

C:

J:

E:

(laughs) (laughter) (applause) [inaudible]

S: ... All right, guys, let's go on with our news items.

Health Benefits of Clean Energy (8:42)

SIDS Study Hype (24:04)

Growing Plants In Lunar Soil (36:32)

Milky Way Black Hole (48:01)

Gullible Acupuncture Article (55:23)

Who's That Noisy? (1:06:06)

Answer to previous Noisy:
Bird whistle


New Noisy (1:10:25)

[perhaps an oscillating long, taut cable making strumming, chirping vibrations]

J: ... So if you think you know what this week's Noisy is or if you heard something cool, you have to email that to me at WTN@theskepticsguide.org.

Questions/Emails/Corrections/Follow-ups

Email #1: Language and AI (1:12:48)

I'm a new listener to the podcast, and I appreciate the time and hard work you've put in creating this content and doing research. Currently, I work for an AI company that helps the largest companies (the Googles, Facebooks, Amazons of the world) create and deploy their machine learning solutions. It is a groundbreaking industry, which I think you know well enough and highlight on your show. One thing that I specifically appreciated was that you, unlike most other commentators, touched on the fact that there is prevalent bias in these large models. This brings me to my main point, which is that there was a huge emphasis in the latest episode placed on the idea that DALL-E "understands" and "knows" things about the image and contexts within. This is actually a super dangerous idea to perpetuate. While GPT-2/3 is a different technology, I believe that the research outlined in Dr. Timnit Gebru's paper, "On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big", is relevant and can speak to the issue better than I ever could, specifically: "However, no actual language understanding is taking place in LM-driven approaches to these tasks, as can be shown by careful manipulation of the test data to remove spurious cues the systems are leveraging [21, 93]. Furthermore, as Bender and Koller [14] argue from a theoretical perspective, languages are systems of signs [37], i.e. pairings of form and meaning. But the training data for LMs is only form; they do not have access to meaning. Therefore, claims about model abilities must be carefully characterized.

I appreciate the consideration and hope that you will be able to find some free time at some point to review Dr. Gebru's paper who, if you are not familiar, was ousted from Google's AI ethics division for bringing up bias issues. [Here is] her full paper.

– Cheers, Noah


Email #2: Eating Raw Foods (1:18:01)

I recently came across this Instagram post of a person just eating raw foods for over a hundred days. Curious as to how much raw food is humanly acceptable to consume?
Cheers from Singapore too!

– Chuan Hao

Science or Fiction (1:21:23)

Theme: Which is bigger?

Item #1: The world-wide gaming industry grossed 9.4 times as much revenue in 2021 as the world-wide film industry.[8]
Item #2: The largest adult tardigrades are larger than the smallest adult fleas.[9]
Item #3: The largest known star in the Universe is UY Scuti, with a radius larger than the average distance of Pluto from the sun.[10]

Answer Item
Fiction Largest star
Science Gaming > film
Science
Tardigrade > flea
Host Result
Steve win
Rogue Guess
Cara
 Tardigrade > flea
Jay
 Tardigrade > flea
Evan
 Largest star
Bob
 Largest star

Voice-over: It's time for Science or Fiction.

Cara's Response

Jay's Response

Evan's Response

Bob's Response

B: ... the Ant-Man [movie], remember when the older guy was shrinking down? ...

Steve Explains Item #1

Steve Explains Item #2

Steve Explains Item #3

Skeptical Quote of the Week (1:35:18)

This image is a testament to what we can accomplish, when as a global research community, we bring our brightest minds together to make the seemingly impossible, possible. Language, continents, and even the galaxy can't stand in the way of what humanity can accomplish when we come together for the greater good of all.
– Sethuraman Panchanathan, Director of the National Science Foundation[1]

Signoff/Announcements

S: —and until next week, this is your Skeptics' Guide to the Universe.

S: Skeptics' Guide to the Universe is produced by SGU Productions, dedicated to promoting science and critical thinking. For more information, visit us at theskepticsguide.org. Send your questions to info@theskepticsguide.org. And, if you would like to support the show and all the work that we do, go to patreon.com/SkepticsGuide and consider becoming a patron and becoming part of the SGU community. Our listeners and supporters are what make SGU possible.

[top]                        

Today I Learned

  • Fact/Description, possibly with an article reference[11]
  • Fact/Description
  • Fact/Description

Notes

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 CNN: 1st image of supermassive black hole at the center of Milky Way galaxy revealed
  2. ↑ https://www.space.com/mars-door-rock-curiosity-rover-photo Space.com: 'Dog door' on Mars found by Curiosity rover is a rocky 'doorway into the ancient past,' NASA says
  3. ↑ Neurologica: Health Benefits of Clean Energy
  4. ↑ The Verge: SIDS study shows the risks of science hype
  5. ↑ Neurologica: Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil
  6. ↑ Event Horizon Telescope: Astronomers Reveal First Image of the Black Hole at the Heart of Our Galaxy
  7. ↑ Time: Why Acupuncture Is Going Mainstream in Medicine
  8. ↑ Yahoo: Gaming Market Size Worth USD $435 Billion By 2028
  9. ↑ PestSeek.com: Can You See Fleas? How Big Are They?
  10. ↑ Universe Today: What is the Biggest Star in the Universe?
  11. ↑ [url_for_TIL publication: title]

Vocabulary


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